The anaconda can jump further (a lot further if you build it just for that), it can also be extremely self sufficient, 4 srvs, many Afmu units, it can have repair limpets, refuel limpets to help other explorers, cargo, generally can support a lot of gameplay, especially if you explore for months at a time. Mine even has an extra fuel tank, it can cross sparse space without worrying about refueling for thousands of light years.
The Asp has better views and handling, although much less self efficient. These are important in the long run, especially if you do a lot of surface mapping and landing.
For me a decisive factor is just the style. Do I prefer a huge ship that travels out there, bells and whistles, crew aboard, or a small vessel for a lonely explorer? And these days with Dssa carriers parked everywhere, having to reach one of them for repairs is easy wherever you are, so having a self sufficient ship isn't as important anymore, traveling for repairs is just extra gameplay.
For small ships the Dbx explorer is perfect. Jumps even further than the Asp, handles better. My current exploration ship of choice. But every now and then I miss the imposing feeling of an Anaconda and I may return to that. I generally miss the Anaconda,I have two but never use them..