Q1 Yes I consider that using poor game design to avoid ship destruction, so yes that would come under combat logging for me.
Can you accept that because of FDevs definition of combat logging that logging out via the in game menu should not be considered combat logging and therefore not punishable?
Can you accept that this is their games design and it's implementation is working exactly as frontier intend it to (in so far as the logging out menu).
I can accept why you feel it is combat logging and can understand why PvP centric people feel frustrated when commanders use the in game menu to log out. Reality is they are not breaking any rules doing so...
Using exploits such as alt F4 or dropping your cable out of your modem / router etc is defined as combat logging by FD and should be both reported and punished IMHO.
Q2 log out whilst under combat conditions should automatically put you into solo through shadowban for incrementing periods, first offence 30 mins, then double it every further offence.
How would this disincentivise logging out during unwanted combat? You take the view it is an offence to log out via the in game option while under combat when logging out that way is not punishable and is indeed frontiers intention to allow players to log out of the game that way (at any time). Still I fail to see how it would reduce people from choosing to log out when unwanted combat starts. Perhaps if they were PvP Centric players themselves and logged out to avoid 'losing' an engagement, it would act as a punsihment but for non PvP players it would make little difference I feel.
Q3 Increase security in systems, make police respond and warp in immediately with ships/wings capable of taking down and masslocking the offending ships, make the AI extreme give the AI access to ships which increase FSD charge time so high waking out is not optional. Additionally make bounties for player killing much higher, tie it to the ship in question, make bounties earned from player killing temporarily increase insurance cost of a rebuy, if a guy is going to lose his ship and its going to cost him 50 million for it he will think twice. lastly make the cost of losing a ship to players cost less if the victim is clean (not wanted).
Good suggestion, that would go some way towards kurbing random newbie killings for sure.
Q4 I think open play is a dangerous place (potentially) and that adds to my gaming experience. I take issue with people who trade in solo or group then come to pvp in open mode, you cant be safe in your own bubble when you choose to then come and pick on people who are doing it the hard way that you dont have the seeds to. To me thats pretty cowardly, but a lot of people who pvp actually do this.
Yes I can understand why you would dislike those 'earning' their cash in solo then coming to open for PvP, so instead of having some risk of player piracy while trading they only have to deal with NPC's...
I do not see a solution to that particular issue because I agree with the current design of being able to mode switch at the players discretion. I do not agree with locking play modes.
Q5 Sometimes we pvp for the sake of it, ie will will actively target another faction wing and the last wing in there wins. Othertimes we might target a community goal that goes for or against our RP, for example recently TIIQ got a CG, they are an opposing group to my group, so we blockaded the system and targeted traders and killed bounty hunters within the system. To me that is pvp that is within the realms of not being griefing regardless of the fact I might be killing a shieldess type 6, it furthers the goal of my organisation for that type 6 not to be able to deliver its cargo. I think that sort of immersive and rich gameplay should be encouraged, particularly at faction based community goals, it makes completing them tricky, encourages turf wars and sadly...(in this instance) pushed one of the biggest clans in the game into private group. CG's should be open mode only in my opinion but that is another matter..
CG's should be for everyone but that is my opinion on that... Indeed CG PvP is a good thing and adds a definite richness to the game IMHO, I have done a few CG's and seen some familiar PvPers in my instances from time to time, a lot of fun either avoiding them, bribing them to get through or outrunning them

It definitely adds a lot of fun and adrenaline to the game in those events.