No objective based play requires PvP in the first place - it is entirely optional.
Merits in Powerplay or cargo, pirating are all opportunistic objectives- if you see someone, you go for them.
Indeed - and if either doesn't want it it doesn't need to happen.
The problem being that for a lot of things to happen and not waste time, you need some sort of system to pre-filter those players together, like modes do.
One can gain the first rank, losing the permit in the process, in less than a couple of hours - and that happens, by default, in Open - the player may have lost the permit before even logging out after their first session.
But they start 'safe' and can read about PGs in the instructions.