Maybe to most of you it is obvious, I only just found out. Level 2 is a detail scan with the discovery scanner, it does that now. Level 3 is surface detail scanner.
Level 2 is a surface scan but without the detailed surface scanner installed. Except when it's not. Like when it's a scan of an asteroid belt (possibly - unconfirmed but would explain some spurious increases in the number) or some totally random figure when it comes to old scans from the first couple of months after ED was launched.