No. The environment and the Background Simulation can used to inspire or facilitate PvP but it can not be used or it world be PvE. In an MMO (note E: D is not an MMO) if you "train" mobs (Mobile Monsters) on an other player that is considered griefing not PvP. Similarly delivering more rats than other players is not considered PvP.
I don't know enough about Powerplay to be completely sure about this but unless killing players grant you merrits even that is not PvP.
Now there are a lot of people here who like to redefine terms to fit there need but that doesn't fly. These terms have been given their meaning many years ago and there's really no need to give them a new one.
PvP is when you poke an other players "avatar"/"toon"/"character"/"in game representation" with a pointy stick until he or she falls over. You do not use the enivironment to make said player fall nor do you use PvE mechanics to defeat (gain more points) the aforementioned player.
So could we please stop clouding the issue by using words in new ways.
Then why is it called PvP in Eve when you undercut other players in the AH? Why can't PvP be more than just player against player combat? Using the BGS could be considered PvP if the intended consequences were to defeat other players by eliminating their ability to perform a certain task. Just as jumping in on top of them and shooting them while they are trading. Just because they can't fight back adequately yet doesn't mean it's not PvP.
I understand the argument, though. 13th Legion says they wanted to blockade the CG because they don't agree with the outcome of the federation occupying that system. Mobius doesn't want to PvP, so they play in solo/group to avoid it. It's a tough decision to make, but the fact that a decision has to be made is not the fault of either 13th Legion or Mobius, it's the fault of FD for not anticipating something like this would happen.
I don't agree that forcing the CG into lockdown in order to stop it from completing was the right choice. It forced everyone to have to submit to it, even those that don't want to PvP. Nobody should be forced to play a certain style, and if someone absolutely does not want to PvP, that should be their decision, not others. but the other side of argument could be made that even participating in PP or a community goal can be considered PvP, because there are other players that are going to oppose you.
The only thing that I can think of to do would be to make PP and CG's open only, or at least limit the effect that non-open players can have on it, while not limiting their reward for participating. I honestly don't know why they designed the system the way they did, it should have been open only from the beginning, or with solo/groups being separated and run their own BGS.
But that's just me, and I'm of zero consequence.