There are many things that you can do like that but I think the OP was referring to something a bit more in depth than say exploring the guardian sites or finding generation ships, the "deep content and story of Elite Dangerous" is actually happening as you play the game, that is the story the OP is looking for, but it happens in real time. Ok I am missing a lot out here, The Formidine Rift, discovery of the Guardian Sites, adaption of guardian tech, Thargoid Incursions, Station Attacks, Even Jaques Station jump and Colonia, this is the story of Elite Dangerous, you would need to repeat all that to give someone the experience of the story of Elite Dangerous, and that can't happen. Anything they add is simply going to be something laid over the top of that, it's not going to be what the OP wants I suspect.
I expect they will add many involved missions that you can do when Odyssey comes out, but unlike a traditional MMO, say LOTRO, where a new player, and indeed old players, can play through the entirety of the story of the ring traveling to Mordor, the invasion of Mordor and Minas Tirith etc, repeating the story of Elite Dangerous isn't going to happen, and that's what I mean by not being able to repeat events over, any repeatable and replayable content is just going to be overlayed on top of the base story that will continue on its way no matter what any individual player does.