If you get your data back after dying, you didn't beat those dangers. The game provided a massive (unnecessary) safety net to catch you. The risk is in losing the data.
But you wrote previously it's easy to stay out for months and not die. Unless the player is careless, they do not risk anything. That's why I asked where is the risk.
As for the example of a black box (I'll stick to this idea as a way of recovering discovery data). Let's say I got blown up by Thargoids 20k Ly away from the bubble. Or, I've been careless, tried to mine some asteroid and had a collision with something.
I have barely managed to lock myself in the escape pod and survive. I've been found and rescued some 500Ly away from Sol by some kind trader. But my discovery data is there with the debris of my ship (it's not actually there, just like NPCs we are send to locate and interact with are not actually there before we get to the target system). This event generated a mission for me to recover that data. With a timer. Do I go back all that way? I have to hurry, there's enough time for me to get there with refueling on the way, but not for surface scanning of the astronomical objects in the systems I go through. I will of course still get the stars discovered automatically during that trip and there's enough time to fire advanced discovery scanner between the jumps. Yes, the black box will contain surface scans I've done before, which will add some value to this whole trip, but actually, I could as well just not collect it and that would be fine. I'm collecting some of the same data on my way. Not much of a material gain for me when it comes to recovering that black box.
What it actually adds to the gameplay, is the mission element. Additional purpose for the player. There is a risk I'm going to fail this mission. Get distracted by something, start wandering about and run out of time. Now I'm in a hurry and I am less careful, I can run into some white dwarf I forgot about. Also, when I get to my destination, what if the hostile factor is still there and blows me up again? Maybe I should just abandon this mission and go into some completely different direction? After all, who cares about the data, I've seen what I wanted to see already.
So my question this time would be: what safety net you're talking about? I have to go all the way back, thus getting all stars and systems discovered again. I get a mission and I get a mission reward (surface scans). I get a choice, because there is nothing to force me to complete this mission. The game gets more immersive, because it doesn't force me to believe that in the 34th century people are dumb and don't know how to backup data. I also get the knowledge, that if I get blown up, the data is out there, but I'm not getting it for free, I have to make a significant effort to recover it whilst on the other hand, I am getting back a huge chunk of it just by flying to my last location. So what it essentially becomes is a map marker (and custom map markers are coming anyway) and an additional purpose for going to a specific location.