I used to enjoy using the game start editor in Silent Hunter 4 to position opposing surface fleets just out of range with courses to intersect. I'd then start the game and just observe the navy battles that would ensue between the AI-controlled ships. It was actually quite enjoyable and immersive! And for an old game, it had a decent damage model, too.
I feel like I tried to get SH4 up and running a few years ago and it revolted against modern Windows... Maybe the Steam version would work. It was an enjoyable game, and I could go back and replay it if I found a version that would allow me. Granted, this isn't surface combat like you're asking for, but as mentioned above, it does support AI-vs-AI surface engagements.
What was that name of the Sonalyst sim.... Dangerous Waters. You had Kilo, 688, the newer classes of UBoats (which name I forgot) and the OH Perry as platforms. It has rudimentary scenario editor I never fully understood, but you could place all the other platforms (Krivak, Kirov, the American stuff, loads of other nation's ships and boats) and get into a silent sub and listen to what was happening. Modelled fairly well the "overwhelm the missile defence" of launching mass volleys of A/S missiles in the hope one gets through. Then come the rocket booster torpedoes that drop willy nilly everywhere and your silent sub may be picked up by a lucky torpedo sonar.
It was a bit like Harpoon but you controlled one of the platforms. Sonar, Helm, TMA (which I never really understood). The Perry had a towed array with lots of hdrophones (which I never understood either).
Oh, and you had the Orion plane (I think) and the helos of the Perry to control. It was rudimentary flight sim. Focus was electronic systems, tracking targets, and weapons control. The helo could map like 4 channels of sonar buoys and could relay those to the mothership. A bit of triangulation and you had good fix on enemy sub.
Probably you'd run into the same windows problems with that one. It was a very good sim, though. They don't do games anymore - they went completely professional software for the military.