Well the Earth is about 260,000,000,000 cubic miles so you could build a sphere at the Mercury orbit and leave plenty of spare material.
If the whole of the volume of Earth was useable material you could build a sphere with a shell of over 16 miles thickness.
Probably best to build a ring first so there's somewhere for everyone to live before Earth gets used up, then complete the sphere.
There are a few problems with dyson spheres in general. First, the sun has 99,9% of the mass in our solar system, the rest is mainly jupiter and other gas / ice planets. The few rocks of mercury, venus, earth and mars are only a tiny fraction of the overall mass and would not be enough for a spehere and i assume also not for a ring.
Second of, if you consinder getting the material from other solar systems, it would not make much sense since if you have the technology to go there, why build a sphere in the first place? You could just go and settle on a new planet if the old on is not suitable any more.
Third is, the sun will at some point end up expanding to about the region of mars, swallow earth and anything in between. If you would start a huge project like a dyson sphere, you probably want it to last and not destroyed because the sun do its thing.
So, while a dyson sphere is a nice theoretical object, its not plausible that anyone would build one even if they had the technology to do so.
The space elevator on the other hand would be plausible and the main reason we dont have one yet is because we dont have material that can handle the stress (though science! is working on that). I'd like to see that at some places.