I vote for a "criminal record":
A list of illegal activities that the player was reported for. Depending on the activity, the player gets a bounty, which can indeed be cleared - but the criminal status stays in the data bank and only appears after a significant amount of time without "repeat offenses". This process can be accelerated by running charity missions from the bulletin boards (those that don't give you profit, just reputation).
Criminal status can be something like:
-Smuggling: The player was scanned and caught with illegal cargo at a starport. The cargo was then confiscated and the player got a fine he had to clear. Smuggling goes onto his criminal record.
-Loitering
-Cargo dumping: This was illegal in Elite 2 and 3. Jettisoning cargo in the vicinity of a starport results in an individual fine for every single ton of cargo dropped. Some types of cargo, such as explosives or toxic waste, give you an even larger individual fine.
-Assault: Results in a bounty on your head. Triggered when you repeatedly hit someone with your weapons.
-Piracy: Bounty on your head. Destroying the cargo hatch during an assault or using a limpet adds the "piracy" status to your "assault" record and increases the bounty significantly. If the comm system at some point in the future allows for hotkeyed, hardcoded messages such as "Give me cargo or die", the use of such a comm message could automatically result in "piracy" status as well.
-Murder: Killing any target that is NOT WANTED in the system you are currently in. Creates a very large bounty on your head, depending on the wealth of the system faction in control, and also depending on the faction type.
Here are some ideas about bounties:
Not all of them can be cleared by paying them off. Piracy, Smuggling and Murder require you to run special missions for the local system authority force, found not on the bulletin board, but under contacts: local security.
Smugglers need to find and put down other smugglers to clear their name.
Pirates need to hunt down other pirates to clear their name.
Murderers need to assassinate a wanted criminal in an Elite Anaconda to clear their name.
No monetary rewards.
Otherwise their bounties cannot be payed off and stay with them everywhere they go.
The only alternative is running charity missions from the bulletin board, which takes longer, as one of those missions won't be enough to boost your reputation so that your criminal status gets wiped.
Just some couple ideas I had during breakfast
Feel free to discuss, dismiss, or tell me what you think about it.