Based on personal research and being caught up to the entire story about this I have the following summary and further ideas:
California Nebula and the surrounding stars up to 300 LY have no signs of UAs. Me and others have been looking. I found none.
While around the Merope system I found an UA pretty quickly. It shows up as Anomaly Level 4 threat. Crashed into it and collected the new "unknown materials"
Based on MB comments Merope is special but not really because of the barnacles. The UAs point to Merope, there is no question. They could also be pointing away from it but doubtful that would be meaningful since there are hundreds of thousands of these UAs.
I tried digging into the Mythology of Merope. I found some interesting suspects about it being the last star to be seen in that nebula. Also the children that she had with a mortal man unlike the rest of her sisters who had children with gods. There is mention of names like Orion the hunter and all sorts of mytholgy in here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merope_(Pleiades)
Im not so good at decoding stuff like that but maybe someone can make something of that story. But indeed those UAs are pointing at Merope and it is special for a reason. There is a lot of mythology and story behind Merope.
I've been meaning to ask, is there an engineer that is focused on this alien stuff as well? Where and how can I unlock that? I have a suspicion that FD have put Engineers and Powerplay into this story.