Also, why does data influence rank so much faster than actual military based missions?
Spending an hour killing stuff for the major powers earns almost no rank compared to delivering a report.
CMDR Cosmic Spacehead
This is because of the fact you are not actually ranking in the Federal/Imperial Navy.
You are doing the donkey work that the real glory boys do not want to do.
You are not in the Navy,
You just gain certain privileges for being a reliable mule for them - A flashy title, and the chance to buy some of their worn out ships from them. The more reliable you prove to be, the better the title they give you, and the bigger/"better" the pile of "ship" you can get.
Note you have to BUY the ship from them, they do not give it for free.
Just read above back and it comes over a bit ranty, it is not supposed to

, it is just pointing out that the title they give you is probably Naval slang for "wannabe donkey kisser" right through to "complete donkey kisser"
I will also add I found that last few percent was achieved real quick with a small ship doing data runs and a passenger run, and also any scan planet mission. The last two give real high bonuses, +++, and the data runs tend to be plentiful. You then just pump as many donations as you can to back it up. I did it in a Viper MK4 very fast for the last level to Corvette. Pick a central point and you tend to be able to cycle through lots of missions in the area, and once your rep builds its even faster and profitable.
This means that in the Feds I have the reputation as a "Complete donkey kisser", where as for the Imps I still have 70% of pucker to go.