The question is, how many mistakes should you be allowed to make before it becomes unescapable?
Let's say you're flying an unshielded ship with 1% hull and are travelling straight downwards at 500m/s with engines offline. Your current altitude above the planet surface is 500m. Is that escapable?
At that precise moment, no. But there are probably hundreds of things which could have been done to avoid ending up in that situation.
In your particular case you never aligned with the escape vector - so you must have been consistently spinning in a way that didn't point in that direction but pointed in lots of others. If instead of trying to re-enter supercruise, you'd picked a star from the galaxy map in a different direction to the escape vector and tried to hyperspace out, you might have lined up with it. If not, with 25 minutes of life support you had plenty of time to try multiple stars. Or you could have used synthesis, if you had iron and nickel on board, to get another 25 minutes.
well my experience is that the damage to your modules, thrusters/FSD is the one that will block you from trying to escape, having spent HOURS escaping white dwarfs, one of the most annoying things I learned is that sometimes, it reversers your input... making everything go wrong.. for no apparent reason. I have lined up atleast 4 times, when my FSD failed during the countdown... due to low health. I have two cases of Thrusters giving up
I had never thought about the jump to another system, solution, I guess I have some more testing todo... I just tried to enter super cruise again... I have not tested if white dwarfs are easier/worse than neutron to escape from. All I know is most of the time, Neutron are easier to boost on.
Fun fact, you can "destroy" your FSD down to 0% health with super charging, and that will thrown you nicely out of supercruise, I think I barely missed the danger zone when I did that...
Fun fact #2, thanks to rounding issue, 0% needs to some more wear and tear before getting down to the actual 0%. Try to figure out how much to skim the cone when at 0%...