This is not to pick on you specifically, as your post sums up many 'newbie to Elite' players, and while i am new to ED, i'm a veteran of Elite games in general. But what you described above is actually all your fault, and your impulse to drop the game and walk away was all down to you not preparing yourself properly. Your gaming life would not have thanked you if you had indeed just put the game down, because you would not have had a chance to experience what makes the Elite games kind of awesome.
And your concerns expressed above are exactly what has shifted the game to be in the state it is in today in terms of how inappropriate the 'Dangerous' moniker has become. And this is not just your fault, but the thousands of players just like you that either did not do enough pre-playing training, or maybe had no experience of the previous games (that are by default much more 'dangerous'), or had not read a few forum guides or watched a few of the youtube newbie guides to give the information going in that would have avoided your frustrating experience. See this process (of 'learning' through failure) IS the very heart of the Elite games. We have all bitten of more than we could chew, or just been surprised and unprepared at some point in our Elite journey's.
Here is an important difference though, back in 1985 when i was unhealthily obsessed by the game, and luckily having a good friend that did not mind me spending a few hours a weekend on his BBC Micro to play the game; All the failures never made me want to quit and walk away, it just fueled my desire to get better, and so i did. We did not have the internet back then so we would crowd source tips and strategies in the school playgrounds, we would buy magazines that had play guides and we would practice and learn from our mistakes.
ED in it's current form (as is sadly the norm with many current games in this modern era) just removes the challenge and the ability to learn from mistakes by making it safe, too safe. It becomes boring and easy to progress through the gameplay, and even with the situation you mentioned and the loss you would have endured, in the game as it is now, you would have made all your lost money back in about an hour or two.
Complaints (and maybe concerns from Fdev over player retention?) from newbies have pretty much emasculated the game and made a mockery of the Elite 'Dangerous' game title. This is the easiest and safest game of Elite ever made, and it damages what made the game the classic hit it was imho.