I think the OP is looking for a step by step guide on how to engineer greater jump range.
There are many ways to increase jump range by lightening ship components - but the OP is specifically asking about engineering.
1) Check out this
page. This lists all of the engineers and the modules they modify. Some engineers have to be unlocked first before others can be unlocked. Unlocking each can be painful, and leveling the required engineers up is a pain in the tailpipe.
2) There are two primary modules you want to engineer / have to increase jump range.
a) The increased range FSD has
these requirements. The most challenging material to obtain is the datamined wake exception. Most players use the
Jameson Cobra path to farm data materials and then use a material trader to obtain the Datamined Wake Exceptions. This will score you the best possible increased range engineered FSD.
b) The
Guardian FSD booster adds significant range to an already beefed up FSD. It requires a long trip to a Guardian site or two to unlock the item from a technology broker. The nice thing is once you have this item unlocked, you can pick it up in all sizes for all of your ships (if you have the module space).
Exigious has the best short tutorials IMO. Good luck out there.