To test the money making viability of exploration, I went out from July 8th to July 24th with a Diamondback Explorer specifically to target neutron stars and black holes (32,000 - 40,000 cr a piece) in the infamous and vastly unexplored Neutron Belts about 16,000 light years from SOL. I came back with over 600 surveyed neutron stars and around 1800 systems visited. I only stopped to scan Water Worlds, Earth-Like Worlds, and Ammonia Worlds and used the advanced disco scanner for the rest while using the fastest routes to and from the fields (I got my routes down to about 45 minutes per 1000 light years).
All told, I yielded 73.5 million credits for the trip that only took 17 days (a couple hours a day and some marathon sessions on the weekends). I am now a Pioneer; nearly Elite.
Like most parts of this game (and any game where credits or money can be made), if you're solely looking to make credits there are "fast" ways to do so. My trip was a fun experiment and I'll probably do it again to get my Elite rank -- it isn't necessarily what people expect one to do (farming neutrons), but there are efficient ways to make money if that's your goal. All this being said, if you have a Python or a ship with a large cargo hold you could make 73.5 million over the same period just trading back and forth for an hour or two a day -- if making cash was really your goal.
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In my experience, that payout is way outside the norm. But farming neutrons is lots more profitable than just exploring so I agree it is possible if you know what you're looking for and have a good jump range. My own 8k LY trip took two weeks, a few hours a night, and I made 12 million. I was just larking around and not trying to turn a profit. Somewhere in between is probably pretty reasonable on what to expect, although I'd say not much more than double mine.
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Now consider what you can make BH'ing, or hitting a CZ or good RES, and that credit per hour ratio with exploring starts to look pretty poor. 17 days, at a couple of hours a day ( with marathon sessions ), we can average that to roughly 3.5 hours a day. Divided by credits earned.... comes out to roughly a million an hour. Ouch. We're not talking about trading which blows every other profession out of the water profit-wise ( and also qualifies as most boring ).
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Now, I agree, explorers and exploring shouldn't be focused on credits. But there has to be something 'out there' to find. Space hulks, abandoned alien colonies, lost human 'sleeper' ships, talking space parrots, radiation belts with strange properties... SOMETHING. As it stands now, it's "jump-honk-jump-honk.. Ohh.. ELW, lets take a closer look" or for the more OCD crowd "Jump-honk-SC.....Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, SC... Disco-scan, SC..... Disco-scan, SC.... Disco-scan, Jump-Honk".