Lot's of hull, fast charging shields, fast drives, Guardian weapons, decon limpets "just in case", Guardian module reinforcements, fast charging distributor, xeno scanner, shutdownfield neutraliser and flak launchers.
Okay, now the why:
Thargoids deal absolute damage and have shield-piercing attacks, and caustic missiles are a thing. That is why you want as much hull points as possible. The GMRP's help a lot with protecting your modules as you cannot engineer the normal ones.
Fast drives for outrunning them and some of their attacks (the lightning for example or the caustic missiles)
The scanner helps in identifying exerted hearts and you get a health-bar. The shutdownfield neutraliser prevents the EMP from knocking out your ship.
Flak launchers for the swarm and guardian weapons deal the most damage to goids, preferibly gauss cannons and shard cannons.
Fast charging shields and distributor are best for hit-and-run tactics and those are what you usually do in AX combat.
Oh and also pack some heatsinks, they work great against their targeting abilities and also sometimes stop them from using certain attacks.