I hadn't seen any of those before, but would like to see them in the game at some point!
Out of them, the asteroid ship would seem to make the most sense, namely the fact it could be justified that their resources are needed to create new starports or even provide resources for repairing some damaged ones.
On a related note, I would like to see a FAR larger number of asteroid bases: they seem like the perfect solution for systems where building a large starport from scratch may not be an option, thus requiring a cheaper alternative. Plus, overall they seem to be a better option compared to smaller outposts, starting with the availability or large landing pads and even some basic services.
As someone who watched many Gundam shows, I most closely associate asteroid bases to military fortifications, so I can easily imagine them being used as such in Elite. After all, the slower rotation probably also makes them less suitable for being large civilian population centers, again making them more suitable for some of the more specific roles that small outposts are used for (military, industrial, mining, etc.).