As I understand it, you need nothing but mining laser if just going after mats. Just keep shooting and ignore the ore while scooping up the occasional element/compound.
I am convinced that you need to use a bit of reverse psychology, and say to your computer screen "I am looking for Tellurium <or other rare element>" so that the game knows to give you an abundance of common mats instead...
You could find a barnacle that is intact and farm it. lots of common materials and some rare ones![]()