Actually john willi, I think you'll find the randomisation only happens once on first discovery. Once you have a world's "signature" mix of materials, everyone who visits afterwards will find the same mix of materials.
EVERY landable rocky or HMC world has Phosphorus, Sulphur, Carbon, Iron and Nickel as basic resources.
Metal-rich worlds don't have the P,S or C. They still have Iron and Nickel as basics.
After that you're into the 3/2/1 rule.
3 from Common: Vanadium, Zirconium, Zinc, Arsenic, Selenium, Manganese, Chromium, Germanium
2 from Rare: Mercury, Tungsten, Molybdenum, Cadmium, Niobium, Tin
1 from Very Rare: Technetium, Polonium, Yttrium, Antimony, Tellurium, Ruthenium
The Very Rare ones tend to be found in Metallic Meteorites, but they have been known to spew from all the other material sources as a (rare) random drop.
One thing I've noticed about Metallic Meteorites is that you might find a cluster of 3 of them together around 1/3rd of the time you find them. That's when you're more likely to get one or more very rare materials simply because you get 3 pulls of the RNG instead of 1.
stocko, the materials you need for boosted jump range are Vanadium, Germanium, Niobium, Cadmium, Arsenic, Yttrium and Polonium.
2 Vanadium + 1 Germanium = +25% jump range boost for the next jump.
1 Vanadium + 1 Germanium + 1 Cadmium + 1 Niobium = +50% jump range boost for the next jump.
1 Arsenic + 3 Niobium + 1 Yttrium + 1 Polonium = +100% jump range boost for the next jump.
I find Cadmium and Polonium tend to be the limiting materials. I can find quantities of the others on various worlds, but for some reason Cadmium and especially Polonium are harder to find than the rest.