If you get killed with no rebuy, or spawn into a station with a prohibitively large legacy find, can you keep any engineered mods or do you lose everything?
If you choose the freewinder option, you lose your destroyed ship, including any mods yes. Try not to do that
You don't lose any ships you have stored though, so if you find yourself unable to afford the insurance but have other assets, consider selling them remotely, or transfer to a cheaper ship if you can.
iirc you cannot access anything but your rebuy screen if you die, meaning you cannot sell stored ship remotely to acquire more credits.
I got it. I didn't know because I read somewhere that you could choose to keep some modules but not the ship. Seems wrong. Thanks!
Well in rebuy screen you have list of all optional modules (weapons etc.) listed on the ship. You then can uncheck them which will lower your rebuy. You will lose those modules you uncheck and engineer mods on them. This doesn't apply to must have modules like fsd, engines, power plant etc. My advice is don't take the risk.
But if you want you can use http://beta.coriolis.edcd.io/ to make your build and then see how rebuy change if you decide to uncheck some modules.
In addition to the option of not rebuying specific modules there is apparently a loan that CMDRs can get based on their rank if they can't cover their rebuy costs. Apparently this loan is as high as 10 million credits you have at least one area that is Elite ranked although I don't know if this has changed or if the actual loan amount can be verified in-game without actually needing to use it and seeing the option on the rebuy screen.
As i remember you can't shoose to take loan or to not take loan. If you don't have enough money for rebuy the game automatically ably loan and if its not enough then you lose ship. But the loan isn't much compared to rebuy of big ships. Something like max 600 000 cr.