Solving the difference between planets and stars is a bit more awkward though, basically I think it is just dependant on not-yet-ready improvements to their rendering to get closer & closer without the visuals breaking down. If you want a quick sanity check in game though - ram into the outer radius of a planet and star, then target that body and heck how far away you are, that number should sell the relative scales a little

.
What makes a sun appear bigger is the corona, simple as that. Now lighting has been my primary issue since this thing lifted off. To illustrate the point of visuals breaking down as you get closer, I encourage interested folks to have a look at my own primitive game demo (pre-Elite

):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5HcHMVDHEE&t=3m38s
As you can see, the closer you get, the more grainy it gets.
In case anyone is interested: it's a small technique I have cobbled together myself years ago - I render the sun to an off-screen texture and add objects between sun and camera [easy to calculate since the area is a cone] in black. Then bloom and godray is applied and the final texture is getting billboarded where the sun object would be - to proper scale, ofc. That way godray stops being a screen space effect. As you can see, the whole thing makes the scene more dynamic and lively (though its not even HDR!). It's gonna cost a few frames though. In any case: bright lighting is important! It makes the scene more real. And if you want window polarization (I would put a limit to what it can cope with; it shoudl fail against very bright stars), then at least make sure it tones down every light proportionately, not just the sun.
Another thing are the shadows aka ambient lighting. I understand if people dont like (realistic) lack of ambient lighting but I sincerely hope there is an option for turning it off. Here is the thing:
You do not want players routinely be able to see an object in full. Not being able to see the full object is essential because it's
tantalizing. It's the same reason why pop videos operate with fast cuts of hot chicks - the eye wants to feast on the sight but before it can the sight is gone. Yes, it is going to put off some people (as usual) who don't want to be tantalized but it will work for most, rest assured.
Alex