Supposed to work like that but does not always. Was doing some material collection in the SRV and unknowingly entered a station's no fire zone and got a small fine for reckless discharge of a weapon. No problem, recalled the ship and flew to the station to pay it off but could not access contacts to do so. Should have tried quitting to the menu and restarting but did not think of that. I just flew off planet and docked at a station and could pay there.
Similar? thing happened doing planetary scan missions, scanned a public access point in a public area and got a 600 bounty. Drove 3.5 km away and wanted status dropped so it was a local bounty. Flew off planet and was not wanted at any station in the system. Again landed on an adjacent planet to collect some material using the SRV, fired at some rocks and upon getting into the ship and back into space was wanted at every station in the system? Something with getting in and out of an SRV seems to bork the system occasionally. My unscientific theory is that it has to do with my person being wanted in the SRV but my ship becomes wanted when I enter it and under some circumstances that handoff gets messed up.
I also somehow ended up with hot modules that I could not put back in the hot ship and had to buy new modules so I could fly to IF and pay bounty. By the time I was done a 600 bounty ended up costing 111,700 to clean the modules because I could not put them back in to go to the IF. Long story but again involved planetary scan missions, SRVs, and getting some interim fines and paying them.
FWIW Interstellar Factors can be found in high, medium, and low security systems, Gresley Gateway in LHS 3877 is an example of an IF in a high security system and Horrocks Hub in Rind in a medium security system.