Is there some way to visit Rackham's Peak by riding someone else's carrier? Does anybody organize this kind of trip?
Yes, dock to a carrier going that way and wait for it to make the jumps, same on the way back. I expect there are people who run trips with open-access carriers but I don't know who: the FCOC discord channel might be a good place to ask?
(On that note, can one get outright stranded there?)
Yes and no. In theory you could be up there, the FC you were on departs without you, and no-one else's FC is leaving any time soon / wants to let you dock while it does. You'd then have no way to get your ship out of the system.
However, you could still get yourself out:
1) Self-destruct / pick a fight with the station / just drink too much of Rackham's wine and crash into a planet
2) At the rebuy screen, pick "declare bankruptcy".
This will return you to your starting system with a new Freewinder.
You will PERMANENTLY lose what ever ship you were flying at Rackham's, and all its modules so this should be considered a last resort, but it will get you back to the bubble in an emergency. If you're taking a carrier up there, then you could take a cheap unengineered Eagle / Viper III for flying around and not worry too much about not being able to get it back afterwards, of course.