You're scanning police databases for warant's in other jurisdictions, how I understand it anyway. Keeping on the target is just a little minigame to make you put effort in it.
No. The game is clearly laid out. There's no need to infer things that aren't obviously implied in the game, just to bridge the explanation gap. You're scanning the ship you're targeting, that's plain to see. Higher powered ones scan faster, further. They still tell you every warrant anywhere in the galaxy, so using more power doesn't allow them to communicate further.
It's not clearly laid out how the KWS works. What is apparent is the power draw, and it doesn't jive with the functionality considering advanced discovery scanning uses no power. I get why, from a gameplay perspective and I value gameplay over "makes sense". I don't understand how taxing the KWS balances game play. If the warrant money imbalances the game, why is it there to begin with? Why does it only punish power limited ships? Is it intended to be an advanced player device for larger ships?
It's almost as if the game funnels you to larger platforms so you can actually use the combination of devices the game offers. The only thing about that is plenty folks don't care to fly larger ships. I understand you cannot put 10 pounds of dog food into a 5 pound bag, but I'm asking why the KWS is considered that much of a game balancing tool when SCBs, even relatively powerful ones, aren't as taxing.
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Since it's an active scan I always assumed it was scanning the ship for physical details, and then cross referencing databases for verification. (ie. "Scan has revealed a dent near thruster #6 which matches the description of the ship reported in 3 other systems")
If it was just a database check, your ship's onboad computer could do all the work without having to face the target.
That's a cool narrative, but you'd not get a kill warrant for a commonality. You'd need a clear identification. We see ships fire at us but cannot engage until they hit us. I don't think "it looks like him" would allow a kill warrant to be issued.
I'd think ship itself has the information that it's wanted. Yours does. If you're scanning for that information, it could be hard to crack. Who knows. If that was the story, It would make more sense that you'd need a very powerful scanner to crack or penetrate a black box type device.