You should be fine. A Mission Specific USS is designed to respawn until completed, but if for example you were salvaging Black Boxes or something and you were attacked and forced to bug out early before you had gathered all the mission specific items, the USS location will usually change to a different body within that system.
So it is a good rule of thumb to always double check the spawn location after something goes south like the above scenario. The place to check would be the mission itself in your TRANSACTIONS section (Left panel).
The Navigation section does not always update to reflect a change in location of the mission USS, but it does usually remove the original "Globe" icon from USS location you left, which should serve as an additional head's up that the spawn location has indeed changed and you need to check the mission details to determine where that new USS location is going to be.
I do these all the time, so I have had plenty of instances where I had to abandon the collection of salvage due to an attack and also the occasional dropped connection.