They are called Superpowers now. DBOBE says so. 
https://forums.frontier.co.uk/showthread.php?t=151252&p=2326334&viewfull=1#post2326334
I've always thought of calling them Superpowers. I reverted to Major Faction as a matter of common nomenclature, but that confuses things with Minor Factions, those little groups vying for power on the interplanetary, intrasystem (and occasionally interstellar) stage.
Personally I prefer calling them Superpowers. It improves clarity, plus it gives the Powers level of in-game groups a degree of respect the Devs and creators have been looking for.
https://forums.frontier.co.uk/showthread.php?t=151252&p=2326334&viewfull=1#post2326334
Retrograde said:Now that the Powers seem to be the predominant players in the Galaxy, what is the role or importance of Major faction reputation? Has it become irrelevant?David Braben said:The major factions - or 'Superpowers' if you like - are still important - and are essentially made up of the Powers. Things like Naval Rank are still important, as is standing within the Superpower.
I've always thought of calling them Superpowers. I reverted to Major Faction as a matter of common nomenclature, but that confuses things with Minor Factions, those little groups vying for power on the interplanetary, intrasystem (and occasionally interstellar) stage.
Personally I prefer calling them Superpowers. It improves clarity, plus it gives the Powers level of in-game groups a degree of respect the Devs and creators have been looking for.