Quite simply, there are just too many systems for their algorithm to do the 'fastest route' calculation on.
Really there are lots of things they need to do here:
1) another 'good enough' route that does not try to be the 'fastest' but which calculates quickly.
2) Making the route finder algorithm homour the filters that you have in place. That would not only make it much more useful (I don't really use it anywhere because of this design stupidity), but would make it much faster near to the core.
3) Let you build routes incramentally: build a route of, say 100LY, then extend it from that 'waypoint' for another 100LY, and keep going. This lets you plan routes that go through 'interesting systems', without having to do every jump manually (which is what I tend to do).
4) Probably a few more I could come up with if I could be bothered.