So combat between Powers fall under 'valid' and 'invalid' regarding Crime and Punishment changes that came with 3.0.
Valid:
- If you are attacking a 'Hostile' Power NPC/CMDR in their home space. (ALD vs Hudson in Hudson space.)
- If you are defending yourself against a 'Hostile' Power NPC/CMDR in your home space. (ALD vs Hudson in ALD space.)
- If you are defending a 'Neutral' Power's space against 'Hostile' Power NPC/CMDRs. (ALD vs Hudson in Torval space.)
Invalid:
- Any combat outside of PowerPlay space. (Prep War PvP. Engineer Raiding.)
- Engaging a 'Hostile' Power NPC/CMDR in a third Power's home space. (ALD vs Hudson in LYR space.)
- Destroying a 'Neutral' Power NPC/CMDR. (ALD vs Torval in Hudson space.)
Note: Expansion Systems appear to count as the Expanding Power's home space. Systems being Prepared do not.
Every type of combat will earn you a Bounty if your target has 'Report Crimes' switched 'On'. When the combat is a valid PowerPlay encounter, that is a Power Bounty. When the combat is invalid, that will be a local Bounty, and Advanced Tactical Response will eventually arrive.
Here are the responses to your questions regarding what should be happening (A) and what is happening (B) when the combat is a 'valid' PowerPlay engagement.
- 1A) No.
- 1B) There have been reports of killing a Power pledged CMDR adding Notoriety. Many recent reports appear to state that this bug was fixed.
- 2AB) Only if you are holding merits on your hull or in your cargohold.
- 3A) No.
- 3B) Yes. You will not lose facility access, but module swapping, resale, and transfer will be penalized as a 'hot' ship is penalized for local bounties. No ETA on when this bug will be fixed. Due to the bug, you can pay off Power Bounties at Interstellar Factors.
- 4AB) No. The 'hot' aspect remains with the ship.
- 5AB) Yes, if your killer is a Power NPC/CMDR. (This one I'm not 100% sure on, and would appreciate further detail from other responders.)
- 6A) No.
- 6B) No, but if you earn a Power Bounty within their visual range, they will turn hostile to you. Removing yourself from the local authority's visual range will reset their hostility back to neutral. As far as I can tell, there has been no admission from FDev that this is a bug.
Hopefully this helps.