S Class Star

It's not very often I see a S Class Star.
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They do seem quite rare. I just found my first one on yesterday. I then found an SM star nearby the S star today. Pretty neat finds.

When I made my first trip to Sagittarius A* I found S carbon stars quite often while traversing the Western Beta neutron field, but pretty much never outside of that region. The same went for everything else that is rare: Go to a neutron field and you'll find it rather sooner than later, while everywhere else it remains rare. My conclusion was that the neutron fields are pretty unbalanced - but I terribly enjoyed them while I was there :D

Since that time I have always noted down the different star types of rare stars that I encounter. For S stars I have come up with the following types so far:

  • S0 IIIAB
  • S1 IIIAB
  • S2 IIIB
  • S2 IIIAB
  • S3 IIIB
  • S4 IIIB
  • S5 IIIB

Being no astrophycist, I wonder why there are IIIB and IIIAB luminosity classes but no IIIA class? Another thing is that in my sample some spectral types have IIIAB luminosity only (S0, S1), others have IIIB only (S3, S4 S5), while only S2 has both. So did I miss, for instance, S0 IIIB?

Until I know the answers to these questions I'll keep hunting for more S stars.
 
I've only found one so far. Reachable only with FSD injection:


This one sits in a cluster hard to reach, and it appears to be a one way trip.

When I made my first trip to Sagittarius A* I found S carbon stars quite often while traversing the Western Beta neutron field, but pretty much never outside of that region. The same went for everything else that is rare: Go to a neutron field and you'll find it rather sooner than later, while everywhere else it remains rare. My conclusion was that the neutron fields are pretty unbalanced - but I terribly enjoyed them while I was there :D

Since that time I have always noted down the different star types of rare stars that I encounter. For S stars I have come up with the following types so far:

  • S0 IIIAB
  • S1 IIIAB
  • S2 IIIB
  • S2 IIIAB
  • S3 IIIB
  • S4 IIIB
  • S5 IIIB

Being no astrophycist, I wonder why there are IIIB and IIIAB luminosity classes but no IIIA class? Another thing is that in my sample some spectral types have IIIAB luminosity only (S0, S1), others have IIIB only (S3, S4 S5), while only S2 has both. So did I miss, for instance, S0 IIIB?

Until I know the answers to these questions I'll keep hunting for more S stars.

I think Ziljan or Jackie Silver could provide an answer.
 
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AISHAIND TP-V D3-571

S4 IIIB in binary with M4 IIIB with a landable planet, fantastic view.

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DRYUAE AUSCS HU-D D13-2145, there is also a S4 IIIB with a landable planet at ~475 Ls, it's about 10 months ago as it crossed my way, and I did not land there because I was in a rush :)

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Being no astrophycist, I wonder why there are IIIB and IIIAB luminosity classes but no IIIA class? Another thing is that in my sample some spectral types have IIIAB luminosity only (S0, S1), others have IIIB only (S3, S4 S5), while only S2 has both. So did I miss, for instance, S0 IIIB?

Until I know the answers to these questions I'll keep hunting for more S stars.


The 'A', 'AB', 'B', and 'Z' classifications are luminosity sublcasses given to determine the luminosity of a given star more precisely, 'A' being the most luminous of its luminosity class, and 'Z' being the least.

No why there's no 'IIIA' ? The answer lies behind the normal life cycle of stars : When a star enters its expansion phase, and to take the 'S' type as an example, several physical properties change drastically : Hydrogen/Helium nucleosynthesis stops, and the star starts to fuse carbon atoms. This comes with an important increase in the star size, due to the extreme temperatures required at its core to fuse carbon atoms, and this has side effects : The effective temperature (Teff) of the star decreases, and thus, its luminosity as well.
For 'S' class, the drop in temperature is just so important that an A luminosity subclass is nearly impossible.

For your second question, half of the answer is explained already, the other half lies in what the numbers means : They are a simple subclassification determined by the star's temperature, so : 'S0' is way hotter than 'S5'.
Following that and what was explained earlier, 'S0' to 'S2' 's Teff is high enough so that their luminosity can be classified 'AB', while 'S3' to 'S5' (and lower)'s Teff isn't hot enough, and thus their luminosity isn't high enough to be classified higher than 'B'.

Hope I didn't miss anything ...

(Double-check pls, Ziljan ? :D )
 
For 'S' class, the drop in temperature is just so important that an A luminosity subclass is nearly impossible.

For your second question, half of the answer is explained already, the other half lies in what the numbers means : They are a simple subclassification determined by the star's temperature, so : 'S0' is way hotter than 'S5'.
Following that and what was explained earlier, 'S0' to 'S2' 's Teff is high enough so that their luminosity can be classified 'AB', while 'S3' to 'S5' (and lower)'s Teff isn't hot enough, and thus their luminosity isn't high enough to be classified higher than 'B'.

Thanks for this great explanation! Besides its lucidity, what I like best is that it leaves open the possibility to find a few more types. S0 IIIA is nearly - but not totally - impossible. And since I have already found both S0 IIIAB and S1 IIIAB, there is a distinct possibility to find the cooler/less luminous S0 IIIB and S1 IIIB subclasses.

Has anyone ever seen a star with subclass Z (Sx IIIZ)?
 
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