The only real technological breakthrough in Elite Dangerous seems to be the frameshift drive; the rest is standard physics.
I'd wager the shielding utilizes the same technology as the frameshift drive, but in a fashion that redirects the thermal and kinetic energy rather than absorbing it.
Don't think of it as the shield blocking the attack; the shield frameshifts the incoming projectiles/beams to some empty section of space possibly tens of thousands of light years away, or simply sends them directly into witchspace, never to be seen again.
So, how do you explain that it saves you from collisions and your ship actually stops?