While engineers don't take credits directly, if you don't already have a fully equipped ship for the roles required to unlock them - for example, all you have is an exploration ship - then you will need those credits.Engineers don't take credits. I wish they did.
I'd say that the biggest change the increased payouts brought was that a new player can feasibly start out exploring and make decent money while doing so. Like others have mentioned, it's also a good way to kickstart some alts, since the barrier to entry for exploration is very low - especially if you consider that you basically reach maximum possible profit per hour immediately.
Speaking of profit per hour...
No offense, but real time elapsed is not a good measure. For example, suppose somebody said that they made fifty million credits in a day. Sounds good? You might assume that they played a couple of hours during that time - then it turns out that they spent 16 hours of that day playing. Sounds much worse.How things have changed. I remember doing a 9 month trip, and coming back with 254m cr worth of data. I made another 300m in the bubble that next week...
So it's better to say the total playtime spent. Of course, that's a bit more difficult to measure, but EDDiscovery or other tools can help you there.
Exploration used to be one of the worst things to do when it came to profits per hour. Now it's actually competitive, and if you're power-leveling it, it's around the top even. Plus it not only has a very low barrier to entry (if you don't run passengers), but very low risk too.