Star Classifications Chart & Unit Measures Chart

I got a bit lost looking this up online so thought I would ask the group here if they may know of a simple 'starters' chart or list to understand this further (or a good link to read through).

I noticed on my first exploration travel that there are stars with naming classifications (HIP xxx, HR xxx, COL xxx, WISE xxx). Initially I thought this was random naming, but I started to notice that some of these seem to follow a pattern (I think HIP names seem to have Class A stars from memory). I assume there is something more to how the systems are named? Maybe someone with better Astronomy knowledge can advise in lamens terms?

Also, as a side question to this, does anyone have a chart for the unit measures for distance & speed (ls, ly etc). Got a rough idea but would be good to quantify this for my own understanding.

Thank you!
 
I got a bit lost looking this up online so thought I would ask the group here if they may know of a simple 'starters' chart or list to understand this further (or a good link to read through).

I noticed on my first exploration travel that there are stars with naming classifications (HIP xxx, HR xxx, COL xxx, WISE xxx). Initially I thought this was random naming, but I started to notice that some of these seem to follow a pattern (I think HIP names seem to have Class A stars from memory). I assume there is something more to how the systems are named? Maybe someone with better Astronomy knowledge can advise in lamens terms?

Also, as a side question to this, does anyone have a chart for the unit measures for distance & speed (ls, ly etc). Got a rough idea but would be good to quantify this for my own understanding.

Thank you!

Wiki is great
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_catalogue#Specialized_catalogues

It's more about what method was used to scan them and thus got to name them.
HIP The Hipparcos catalogue.
 
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