Iv got engineered weapons, if I wanted to switch them fit say, a mining laser for a one time job or lose them for an exploration session, could I get them back?
Not right now.
But module storage is planned and coming soon™. Whether that's 2.2, 2.3, 2.4...10.1. We'll never know!
Currently, it's best to have a spare ship to swap them too, using the selling and rebuy trick. But that's currently unsupported by FD, and if it all goes wrong, you lose the module.