Well, so they claim, anyway. Looking at that page I'd consider them "influential but often unsuccessful or an irrelevance"
- Project Dynasty: okay-ish idea at the time, completely superseded on the discovery aspect by future explorers and accidentally outrun on the "remote settlement" aspect by Colonia and other deep space installations
Not quite. Project Dynasty wasn't just about mapping out the three escape routes for Earth Like worlds and terraform candidates; they also deployed the terraforming equipment so that those worlds would be ready for habitation when the time game. They may have also dropped off other infrastructure components to further seed these worlds.
They did lose their data on these routes as one of their operatives - the "old lady" Rebecca - went rogue. She managed to transfer that data to Salome, via injection (DNA coding) before she was killed. So they pulled the strings of the Federation to remap those areas. Independent pilots/groups, then riled up but this conspiracy, also undertook an effort to map those areas (both were CGs in game); of course, the latter's efforts were turned into Universal Cartographics - so thanks to both, the Club got all their data back.
Yes, others may know the location of the special planets - e.g. the pilots who gathered the data - but only they and Universal Cartographics know. When was the last time you were able to share ANY exploration data (in-game) with another player? Those loose ends can be mopped up later or ignored. Project Dynasty only needed to be kept secret, to avoid the public panicking, while the Thargoids were still away/considered a myth.
- Frame Shift Drives: yes, definitely worthwhile ... though speed isn't everything and the Alliance wouldn't have kept a monopoly on the tech for long anyway
The Club were the ones that made sure that didn't stay an Alliance exclusive. They wanted everyone to have it so all of humanity has faster travel and can more rapidly respond to the coming Thargoid threat. Bill Turner was the one angered by that not staying an Alliance exclusive, not the Club.
- Explorer Disappearances: decidedly unsuccessful in the modern era
Depends. We don't know what they found. These may have been explorers using older ships that, like Luko's, didn't have the permit locks ours do. Also, considering how little of the galaxy we still have mapped, how can you say someone didn't find something critical to the Club's plans and their subsequent clandestine death didn't keep vital information from us/the public?
- Engineers: possibly, though a lot of engineered weapons and modifications are actually pretty useless versus Thargoids. Good for completely trashing the balance of power within human space, though - just what we need when there's an alien invasion imminent, more political instability and loose cannons in the bubble. Well done.
Independent pilots fighting each other hones their skills. Also, please go check the Aliens forum for the guides on fighting the Thargoids. Engineered shields, engineered shield boosters, and engineered hull armor and reinforcements are strongly encouraged by all the successful Thargoid hunters. Non-engineered ships would be destroyed much, much faster.
- London Treaty: okay, except that as it happens, capital ships are pretty much useless versus Thargoids
Useless so far. The real war hasn't started yet. When the major fighting starts, there will be a lot more capital ships ready to go then there would have been without a cold war ramp up of construction. Until then, the super powers have pulled their capital ships back from the front.
- Universal Cartographics: nice, but clearly a realisation that their previous anti-explorer plans weren't working out
Please see what I said above under Project Dynasty. A good mastermind/Illuminati group doesn't just have a plan A - they have plan A through Z and contingencies to turn any potential loss into a gain.
- CQC: sure, it's enjoyable, but it's not a plan of theirs that's actually gone anywhere useful
Again, to hone more pilots' combat skills. It may not be used much by players, but in the game lore, this could be quite effective. Also, it's another thing to distract the public - e.g. "bread and circuses".
In short, I think the Club is probably the best/most effective Illuminati-like group I've seen in a fictional universe since the Deus Ex series (Deus Ex and Deus Ex HR, please ignore Deus Ex: Invisible War). Their background lore isn't as elaborate as that in the Deus Ex series, but they've been far more effective in achieving their goals in the 400+ years they've been operating. Also the Club's rogue agents - Rebecca and Octavia - were minor nuisances, vs. the major power coup that Bob Page/Majestic 12 pulled on the rest of the Illuminati in Deus Ex.