For me, you are kinda squandering the Vulture's primary asset - agility.
I use the bog standard light weight armour, then throw the heavy duty mod on it - it boosts your armour with 0 mass increase.
I then go for Bi-waves - you're not trying to tank, what you want is to use the Vulture's agility to avoid being hit in the first place, and the odd shot that hits you, you want the shields to pop back up fast.
For my beam, I have an efficient/thermal vent (keeps you cool), and for my multi cannon, I have an overcharged with corrosive mod. I don't have a hull enforcement package, I prefer to save that weight for a shield cell bank. If my shields are getting low, pop an SCB, and make sure your beam laser is hitting something, and you'll stay cool.
Basically, if your shields go down, you are still a small ship, you should be running, you won't go toe to toe with a big ship with no shields. If you can, then you know how to fly a Vulture, and you won't be losing shields to begin with.
The Vulture is a giant killer, but it's not a "take on wings of ships in a high intensity CZ" ship, and certainly not a toe to toe with big ships fighter. It's the "Water Dancer", or "Oberyn Martel" as apposed to The Mountain, if you watch Game of Thrones, you'll get what I mean.
The trick is basically to "orbit" big ships, sticking to their least well armed sections (or up their tailpipe) and just keep on firing. Those 2 x C3 hard points do a lot of damage.
I like to pretty much sit right on top of the big target, and they simply can't manoeuvre well enough to get free.
If you're getting to 10% hull vs a big ship, you're doing it wrong.
I'd actually agree with CMDR Corlas, in that you should grab a small, cheap fast ship to get the hang of low shields/high agility combat, it'll teach you to avoid taking hits, and a good bit of situational awareness.
A final note re fixed v gimbal.
take one of each - ie, if you have a fixed MC, and a fix laser, unless you are right on top of a target, you can't fire both (one will miss). I will usually do a fixed efficient beam, and a gimbal MC, this means I can keep both firing when I really want to take something out quick.
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