Vulture is an excellent ship, its only really good at combat though.
My suggestions:
1. Work on unlocking engineers. The Vulture benefits majorly from engineering. Since you didn't use any engineering mods on your Vulture, I'm going to continue on the assumption that you don't have them yet.
2. Get Military Grade armor.
3. The Vulture, unengineered, has serious power management issues, which is why unengineered Vultures make better Hull Tanks than Shield Tanks, imo. In order to use SCBs to their maximum potential, you really need two of them, and the Vulture can't power two of them. (unengineered, that is) So, I recommend ditching the SCBs altogether, and replacing the standard shields with Bi-Weaves. Bi-Weaves are better than regular shields in general, tbh. This is because they have a MUCH better regen rate. The idea here is to load your ship full of Hull Reinforcement packages so it can survive having its shields go off and on multiple times. I might also recommend losing the Shield Boosters, as they hurt your regen and suck up power, but that's up to you.
4. If possible, I recommend ditching gimballed weapons and learning how to use fixed weapons, because they deal more damage. (The difference becomes much larger after engineering.) Up to you though. (NOTE: If you do decide to keep gimballed weapons, swap the Cannon out for a Multi Cannon. Gimballed Cannons are the worst gimballed weapon in the game. Gimballed MCs work better.)
5. Switch the Beam Laser out for a Burst Laser. Beam lasers are the type of weapon that aren't that great... without engineering. The DPS is only a little bit better than a Burst but the DPE is significantly lower. Bursts will give you much better over all Sustained DPS.
6. Do what you like and fly what you think is fun.