Some bugs I encountered in my last play session, some of which have been around for years...
When the game is using WASAPI and "allow applications to take exclusive control" of the audio output/input devices in the Windows sound setup has not been manually disabled, the game will immediately crash to desktop if in-game voice comms are initiated and there are other WASAPI programs active.
NPCs attacking or hosted by another player who then logs off often freeze in their tracks and just sit there until destroyed.
Still no synchronization between USSes between CMDRs in the same SC instance.
SLF weapon group settings often require one to log out to the main menu while piloting the SLF to save them.
SLF module priorities do not save at all (an issue more often than one might think).
NPC crew piloting SLFs will disable utility modules when they run out of ammo, or weapons when ordered to cease fire, which often does save.
SLF module pane is often bugged to be empty, so modules that the NPC has disabled often cannot be turned back on without restarting the game and then going through a tedious process of launching the SLF, reenabling the module, then logging out to main menu to get the change to stick.
SLFs can still become stuck in a state where they refuse to follow orders, especially when the instance host changes.
SRVs that are destroyed cannot currently be restocked without selling the planetary vehicle hanger, buying it back, and rebuying the SRVs.
Surface assault missions where the target is an 'emplacement' generator are usually impossible to complete because there is no such thing as an emplacement generator.
A large number of persistent installation signal sources do not allow the CMDR's vessel to lock to their frame of reference when dropping out of supercruise, meaning they move rapidly away in normal space and are essentially impossible to interact with.
I Bootis has three nav beacons, one for each star in the system, and the two that shouldn't exist are inside a permanent USS that never gets identified and is one of those signal sources that runs away when you drop out of it.