The "real world" stars, just like the named "real world" nebulae, are hand-crafted and hand-placed, inserted as additions onto the procedurally-generated galaxy. We're told there are about 100,000 such hand-crafted systems.
By "hand-crafted", we don't necessarily mean someone has meticulously sat there for hours designing each system. For most of these "hand-crafted" systems, the vital statistics (star class(es), direction and distance from Sol) were simply copy-and-pasted from the raw data provided by the star cataloguers; this is perhaps most noticeable in the "star beams" around certain nebulae, which in ED seem to have "rays" of bright stars pointing towards Earth. In most cases (particularly the ones outside the Bubble far away from Sol), for any planets such stars might or might not have, they have had their own procedural-generation script run for them.
For example, the 17 Draconis system. The three star types were copied from catalogue data, but the planets in it were originally procedurally-generated. The star forge just happened to generate an Earth-like moon in orbit around a gas giant, so FD "locked in" the system data with further hand-crafting of a space station around the Earth-like and giving each planet a name.
One notable feature of the ED galaxy is that the people responsible for hand-crafting the stars and nebulae were apparently two different teams. Because there are stars closely associated with certain nebulae in real life - the nebulae would not exist, or would not be visible, without those stars - yet in ED those stars and nebulae have been placed quite distant from each other. Two notable examples I've seen are the Gamma Cassiopeiae / LBN 623 and Eta Carinae / Eta Carina Nebula associations: in real life, they are right next to each other (within a few light-years at most), but in ED, they are hundreds or even thousands of LY apart. The star cataloguers and nebula cataloguers obviously had different opinions on the distance!