What makes a "Proto Star" system?

At least, in Elite terms. The first Proto Star system I encountered had, I believe, a yellow-orange T Tauri that was spinning at a terrifying speed.

Out on the rim, though, Proto Systems are far from common, whereas you will notice them by the hundreds and thousands the closer to the core you get. I've only found 4 other so far and those other 4 have only had similar T Tauri stars that were spinning at "normal" speeds.

So what is the science behind these? Are Proto Star systems just T Tauri exclusive?
 
In game, I would guess it's the age of the system that determines whether it's a "proto star" system vs. a regular old "T Tauri" system.

Outside of the game, Protostars are systems < 10 million years old, Pre Main Sequence (T Tauri or Herbig Ae/Be) are 10 - 100 million years old. After that they become proper Main Sequence. All of this assumes they have an appropriate stellar mass, of course.

So I guess technically speaking, protostar systems are supposed to be "pre T Tauri", so shouldn't actually have a T Tauri in them. The T Tauri in game is probably just a graphical place holder until we get more proper gas clouds and accretion disks.
 
So it's safe to assume that any proto star will be a star that hasn't reached it's "main sequence" span of life yet? Are there any peculiarities I should keep an eye out for in these systems? Like, is it safe to assume that I wouldn't find earthlikes or terraforming candidates in systems with stars that haven't fully developed yet?
 
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So it's safe to assume that any proto star will be a star that hasn't reached it's "main sequence" span of life yet?

Yes.

Are there any peculiarities I should keep an eye out for in these systems? Like, is it safe to assume that I wouldn't find earthlikes or terraforming candidates in systems with stars that haven't fully developed yet?

In real life, yes (barring something very weird happening), in Elite, no... :)
 
In real life, you likely wouldn't find any planets at all in a proto star system. Just an amorphous not-quite-star-like thing with a huuuuuuge dust disk swirling about it. That dust disk may or may not have local areas of higher density that will eventually coalesce into planets far in the future, but nothing identifiable at the stage of "proto star".

In Elite? Who knows? I found 5 terrafomable HMCs orbiting a single Neutron Star recently. Wacky, that.
 
In ED I've found a black hole orbiting a Herbig Ae/Be proto star. There's probably less than a 1 in 400 billion chance of that occurring in reality :D
 
Thanks for the replies. I will document any findings for Proto Star systems as the 5 I've come across so far have been sparsely populated. Another spreadsheet!
 
It is believed that rougly half of all T Tauri stars will have disks. Both the disk phase and the T Tauri phase are very short in galactic time scales, so the odds of us seeing a disk are quite low. In the game this has so far only been modeled as a ring system around a protostar (as posted in other threads). A few of the T Tauri stars, especially the ones that will become F, G, and K may have molten high metal planets that will eventually become earthlikes if there is enough water in the system. The primary source of water is believed to arrive in the form of comets, which means that once comets are implemented we'll be able to identify which protostar systems are more likely to develop earthlike worlds.

The other type of protostar in the game are Herbig Ae/Be variants. These protostars are massive enough to form A and B type stars. Since these are already more rare than than less massive stars, and because their collapse phase is even shorter, the Herbig variants are far more rare that their smaller T Tauri cousins.
 
The other type of protostar in the game are Herbig Ae/Be variants. These protostars are massive enough to form A and B type stars. Since these are already more rare than than less massive stars, and because their collapse phase is even shorter, the Herbig variants are far more rare that their smaller T Tauri cousins.

That's what it was the first time, a Herbig Ae/Be. None of the T Tauri I've come across were spinning but that Herbig was rotating rather fast. Is this phenomenon exclusive to developing stars or are there main sequence/dying stars that are rotating fast as well? I've yet to see another with a noticeably speedy rotation.
 
Recently formed neutron stars can rotate incredibly quickly (several hundred times a second) since they retain their angular momentum as they shrink. They gradually slow down as they age due to their magnetic fields radiating energy. Of course, we can't see this because we can't get close enough to them!

It's a shame that the system map doesn't show the rotational period for stellar bodies.
 
Well, I recently found a black hole orbiting an O-type star of some 70 Solar Radii in just 1.5 standard days. Guess that's pretty fast, no? :D
 
When any mass collapses it starts to rotate faster. It's like sitting on a spinning chair with your arms stretched out, and then bringing them into your chest. You can spin fast enough to make yourself dizzy. When a cloud gas collapses into a star it starts to spin faster as well. This is why it can flatten into a disk like a pizza thrown into the air. However as the protostar ages various forces act to slow down the spin of the star until it is rotating about once every 1-10 days. This means that the fast rotating Herbig star you saw a only recently formed, and hadn't been slowed down by differential rotation, magnetic field windings, or disk locking.

Similar braking forces act to slow the rotation of main sequence stars over their lifetimes. Halfway through its life, our own sun rotates once every 24 days. The final stage of white dwarf represents another collapse so you would think it would speed up again, however much of the spin is lost to interactions with gas that is expelled after the star dies. If the white dwarf gets a accretion disk from a companion star star then it can spin up again.

Now, when a star collapses into a neutron star, or black hole the change is so sudden and complete that it retains it's angular momentum and spins up very rapidly. If the neutron star has a strong magnetic field, then it becomes a pulsar, with a rapidly rotating magnetic field. Over time, the pulsar will slow down as well however. I am not sure if a magnetic field of a black hole can interact with an accretion disk to slow the rotation. But since black holes eventually evaporate due to hawking radiation, then the process of collapse is effectively reversed and they too will slow their rotation as the central mass inside the event horizon shrinks and the volume of the total mass expands.
 
When any mass collapses it starts to rotate faster. It's like sitting on a spinning chair with your arms stretched out, and then bringing them into your chest. You can spin fast enough to make yourself dizzy. When a cloud gas collapses into a star it starts to spin faster as well. This is why it can flatten into a disk like a pizza thrown into the air. However as the protostar ages various forces act to slow down the spin of the star until it is rotating about once every 1-10 days. This means that the fast rotating Herbig star you saw a only recently formed, and hadn't been slowed down by differential rotation, magnetic field windings, or disk locking.

Similar braking forces act to slow the rotation of main sequence stars over their lifetimes. Halfway through its life, our own sun rotates once every 24 days. The final stage of white dwarf represents another collapse so you would think it would speed up again, however much of the spin is lost to interactions with gas that is expelled after the star dies. If the white dwarf gets a accretion disk from a companion star star then it can spin up again.

Now, when a star collapses into a neutron star, or black hole the change is so sudden and complete that it retains it's angular momentum and spins up very rapidly. If the neutron star has a strong magnetic field, then it becomes a pulsar, with a rapidly rotating magnetic field. Over time, the pulsar will slow down as well however. I am not sure if a magnetic field of a black hole can interact with an accretion disk to slow the rotation. But since black holes eventually evaporate due to hawking radiation, then the process of collapse is effectively reversed and they too will slow their rotation as the central mass inside the event horizon shrinks and the volume of the total mass expands.

Thank you for sharing knowledge that I'm sure to forget. Space fascinates me to no end and I wish I could retain all this as well as you and some of the others. But alas, it all boils down to "It's pretty." :(

Still. Thanks! Even if it is a game, it helps me appreciate the stuff a bit more.
 
Thank you for sharing knowledge that I'm sure to forget. Space fascinates me to no end and I wish I could retain all this as well as you and some of the others. But alas, it all boils down to "It's pretty." :(

Still. Thanks! Even if it is a game, it helps me appreciate the stuff a bit more.

If you know how pizzas and chairs work, then it isn't much more complicated than that conceptually. In fact, having a practical observational knowledge that you now do would make it that much easier to learn ;) That is part of what makes this game so great, imo. I think it should be required curriculum for astrophysics undergrads.
 
When any mass collapses it starts to rotate faster. It's like sitting on a spinning chair with your arms stretched out, and then bringing them into your chest. You can spin fast enough to make yourself dizzy.

I like standing on the edge of the roundabout and leaning out as far as my arms will let me when my daughter's trying to spin it as fast as she can and then pulling myself in and moving into the middle after she's jumped on.

Anyway, back OT...
 
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