Yeah, almost. One should rather call it "gravity equivalent" if it's induced by inertia rather than actual gravity.God, no. Newtonian physics doesn't even consider spacetime as a thing. Also, gravity is generated by mass, and the centripetal force "creates" it by forcing the object towards it's center. So we're talking almost about the same thing.
But that's a problem when physics meets the general populace - the finer details and distinctions usually get lost in translation.
I for myself am currently teaching my pupils to distinguish between speed and velocity. In my definition, velocity is a vector and speed is merely the magnitude of said vector. While I'm well aware that even most physicists don't make this distinction, it makes life soo much easier when talking about movements it's not even funny.