One thing to keep in mind: they were named when they were still travelling anomalies (stargoids), so there were no Maelstroms, Titans, caustic clouds, etc. Just speculation.
FDev obviously knew what they were going to be, and I assume the writers chose those names to give a hint of foreshadowing, but in terms of lore, there was nothing solid, for whoever chose the names, to pick one set of names over another, so they just went with a theme historically associated with powerful natural disruption (and relevant divinity).