Classic backstab!Especially since being hostile to a faction and continuing to operate in their space will result in this:
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Which... honestly sounds like way more in line with how an criminal faction would operate rather than faffing around with bounties and arrest warrants.
Funnily enough, I've never had one of these from an anarchy. Even when I've seriously annoyed that anarchy. I've had it a few times from lawful governments though. This message is one I got while I was in their haz-res, bounty hunting for them in order to get my rep out of hostile. Funny how that works.
For me the fun is when you get one of those and you can't for the life of your commander figure out why it happened.