I found that you can equip many ships for exploration:
[Exploration Vessel: Hauler]
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
BH: 1I Lightweight Alloy
RB: 2D Power Plant
TM: 2D Thrusters
FH: 2A Frame Shift Drive
EC: 1D Life Support
PC: 1D Power Distributor
SS: 1D Sensors
FS: 2C Fuel Tank (Capacity: 4)
3: 3D Shield Generator
3: 3A Fuel Scoop
2: 1C Detailed Surface Scanner
1: 1C Advanced Discovery Scanner
Cost: 2.933.294cr
Insurance: 146.665cr
Jump Range: 27ly
Due to the small fuel tank, you have to carefully plan your routes and top of your fuel tank at every scoopable star you come across. The realistic view of the galaxy map and a list of scoopable star types (A, B, F, G, K, M, O) should help you with that.
[Exploration Vessel: Adder]
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
BH: 1I Lightweight Alloy
RB: 3D Power Plant
TM: 3D Thrusters
FH: 3A Frame Shift Drive
EC: 1D Life Support
PC: 2D Power Distributor
SS: 3D Sensors
FS: 3C Fuel Tank (Capacity: 8)
3: 3A Fuel Scoop
3: 3D Shield Generator
2: 2D Auto Field-Maintenance Unit
2: 1C Detailed Surface Scanner
1: 1C Advanced Discovery Scanner
Cost: 3.385.403cr
Insurance: 169.270cr
Jump Range: 26ly
The Adder's and the Hauler's disadvantage are their cockpits that don't really allow for beautiful screenshots.
If you want beautiful screenshots without too much of your cockpit in the way, you have a couple of options:
[Short Range Exploration Vessel: Sidewinder]
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
BH: 1I Lightweight Alloy
RB: 2D Power Plant
TM: 2D Thrusters
FH: 2A Frame Shift Drive
EC: 1D Life Support
PC: 1D Power Distributor
SS: 1D Sensors
FS: 1C Fuel Tank (Capacity: 2)
2: 2A Fuel Scoop
2: 1C Detailed Surface Scanner
1: 1C Advanced Discovery Scanner
Cost: 2.276.702cr
Insurance: 113.835cr
Jump Range: 20ly
Through the roof of the Sidwinder canopy you can make beautiful screenshots that are not at all obstructed by any cockpit structure. The main disadvantage is that you have a small fuel tank, so you can only hop from scoopable star to scoopable star, and you have to sacrifice your shield for your fuel scoop. Now I don't really know whether you are any safer out there with a shield than without, but I tend to feel safer flying shielded.
[Exploration Vessel: Cobra Mk III]
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
BH: 1I Lightweight Alloy
RB: 4D Power Plant
TM: 4D Thrusters
FH: 4A Frame Shift Drive
EC: 3D Life Support
PC: 3D Power Distributor
SS: 3D Sensors
FS: 4C Fuel Tank (Capacity: 16)
4: 4D Shield Generator
4: 4A Fuel Scoop
4: 4A Auto Field-Maintenance Unit
2: 2A Auto Field-Maintenance Unit
2: 1C Detailed Surface Scanner
2: 1C Advanced Discovery Scanner
Cost: 12.926.183cr
Insurance: 646.309cr
Jump Range: 26ly
The Cobra's canopy is not as wide as that of the Sidewinder, but still better than that of the Zorgon Petersen ships. With expensive Auto Maintenance units you can extend your exploration range significantly (from 1.1 on they will also repair thrusters and drive, apparently). The fuel tank is large enough to survive a couple of jumps across an area of unscoopable stars. Jump range is decent.
[Asp Explorer]
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
BH: 1I Lightweight Alloy
RB: 5D Power Plant
TM: 5D Thrusters
FH: 5A Frame Shift Drive
EC: 4D Life Support
PC: 4D Power Distributor
SS: 5D Sensors
FS: 5C Fuel Tank (Capacity: 32)
6: 6A Fuel Scoop
5: 5A Auto Field-Maintenance Unit
3: 3A Auto Field-Maintenance Unit
3: 3A Auto Field-Maintenance Unit
3: 3D Shield Generator
2: 1C Detailed Surface Scanner
2: 1C Advanced Discovery Scanner
Cost: 56.194.903cr
Insurance: 2.809.745cr
Jump Range: 35ly (biggest in the game)
You can, of course, go exploring without all this expensive self-repair technology. But it involves a larger risk. And I am on the "better safe than sorry" side. The canopy of the Asp has this annoying cage structure which will not allow you to make beauty shots without any cockpit pieces in your field of view. Other than that, it has the perfect all-round view.
If you want to safely explore the galaxy, the Asp is your perfect choice.
[Exploration Vessel: Imperial Clipper]
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
U: 0I Heat Sink Launcher
BH: 1I Lightweight Alloy
RB: 6D Power Plant
TM: 6D Thrusters
FH: 5A Frame Shift Drive
EC: 5D Life Support
PC: 6D Power Distributor
SS: 5D Sensors
FS: 4C Fuel Tank (Capacity: 16)
7: 7B Auto Field-Maintenance Unit
6: 6A Auto Field-Maintenance Unit
4: 4A Fuel Scoop
4: 4A Auto Field-Maintenance Unit
3: 3A Auto Field-Maintenance Unit
3: 3D Shield Generator
2: 1C Detailed Surface Scanner
2: 1C Advanced Discovery Scanner
Cost: 64.313.584cr
Insurance: 3.215.679cr
Jump Range: 24ly
Why choose the Clipper over the Asp? Two reasons: The canopy is perfect for beauty shots. And it is currently the most stylish ship in the game. You get a decent medium jump range, too... but you have got to watch your fuel, as your tank can only take 16 tons. An A4 fuel scoop quickly tops that off - if you can find a star to scoop from. So avoid big clusters of useless stars if possible, and you should be able to cruise the galaxy, sightseeing with style
