This is getting weirder by the minute. I thought I had this somewhat figured out yesterday.
Today, in the system I had been ranking in, I'm getting no blue arrows no matter what. OK, fine, maybe the minor factions are at 100% and that's that (?).
So, I hopped to another system with different minor factions, and I've been doing missions for them - I get blue arrows, but no blue arrow for the major faction.
This is so damn obfuscated, I really wish the function were clearly explained. Mr. Michael Brookes, would you be so kind as to give us a definitive "if this then that" explanation of naval rank progression?
Edit: ...and now I'm getting a blue up arrow for the major faction, after a number of missions for the minor factions. Really, I can deal with the absolutely braindead grind, if only the inner workings were clear! *grumble*
Edit again: ...and now I'm back to getting blue arrows for minor but not the major faction. Shame it's too early to start drinking.
And again: Something has changed - can't say I can complain about this one, although it does slow things down. It was the case that switching from solo to open, or open to solo, gave you a shot at a new set of missions - effectively doubling the opportunity to get easy missions and faster ranks. That seems to have been patched, since I now always get the same set of missions whether or not I switch between modes.