I'm not saying W10 is perfect, far from it, some of the new stuff e.g. P2P updating, has potential issues and some of the privacy policy is rather vague.
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Privacy policies are worded broadly so as to avoid painting themselves into a corner. Companies always need to leave room for manoeuvre in their formal communications. Consider FD, they state that horizons is out "holiday 2015" because if they said "12 Dec 2015" some idiots would get all pitchforky if they were a day late.
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In some the cases you mentioned, of course a modern OS will upload your contacts, appointments, calendar etc. How else will you get notifications across multiple devices? It's like getting all in a flap because Gmail uploads all you emails to their servers. A email app that didn't upload your emails would be useless.
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The writing and typing bit has been explained as anonymous metrics to help improve the handwriting and typing. Now if they were ultra narrow in their policy and it turned out that some extra info was being uploaded or stored they'd be in trouble. Remember the Google map WiFi debacle, the data packets were accidentally picked up from people who weren't encrypting anyway. It was like getting mad at the litter collector because he collected some of the letters you were throwing out of your window.
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Reserving the right to detect and disable counterfeit and pirate hard and software has been explained in the context applying to the store apps, but even so isn't reserving the right to stop someone doing illegal things with your product uncontroversial? Would a gun manufacturer stating that they don't want their products being used for armed robberies be controversial? would an airline reserving the right to refuse boarding to drug smugglers be controversial?
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I'm not saying that some of the privacy issues aren't real, or that the policy doesn't need clarifying or changing, but the blanket "it's all spyware" is over the top tabloid style hyperbole.
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A little perspective and a balanced approach would be nice.
A big issue for me is that MS stated recently, that they won't be giving out information on the content of their updates in the future. At least not on all of them. Combine that with the very loose privacy policy and you have got a company, that is not only able to spy on
all of your activities, but can also install software at will. Maybe they aren't monitoring the files on your desktop for now. The next 'blind' update could already change that. Without even informing you. Without you being able to say 'no update for me please!'.
Also, I think this wasn't you, but the comparison to Facebook, Twitter and the like is completely false. With those services, you can decide which information you give them and which you do not. Sure, they're very data-spongey. If you put some info of yourself somewhere on the net, they'll likely find it. But if you are carefull, you can control what they know. And if you don't like how a particular web service or program treats your data... just stop using it! With regards to Windows 10; have fun being a gamer and not using it in a few years, when DX12 will be standard. You've got no choice.
For the balanced approach: sure, it isn't so bad right now. Most of the things can be deactivated, the rest are mostly acceptable. But the direction Microsoft is going here is very scary to me, which is why I'll hold out as long as possible to see if they change direction. An operating system needs to be held to higher standards than any web service or individual program regarding performance, stability and many other aspects. Stands to reason that this goes for privacy too. If Microsoft can introduce policies like this without repercussions, we'll end up with a windows 12 or 13 that literally holds a copy of all your data unencrypted on the Microsoft servers.