Also, to answer what FD should learn from the statistics regarding solo, it should indicate that the majority of players do not want to interact with other players, and prefer to play alone. To infer something more from this would be unscientific at best.
I would prefer option one, just increase the consequences for murder of other players..
I actually agree with this. I think it all comes down to three things that are "missing" from Open in its current state-
1) a true system of consequence for those who engage in murder (not necessarily "piracy") and
2) a true system for Bounty Hunting which would help to address this, but properly designed would provide those who choose to murder a worthy set of adversaries to counter their existence.
3) a proper "grouping" tool for those who choose such roles in Open
The important caveat being "If properly designed"- because systems which introduced such (like in EVE for example) in the past were simply a joke which serve as exploits (and had to be revised later). If the roles had a proper grouping tool (wings) that would make it easier for those who choose to band together to engage together, etc.
A nice little "bounty board" that you could lookup in Station Services would serve this well- listing hunters and murderers both with the locations of their "hunting grounds" (not current location, but rather give you a general area to hunt).
Just a thought.