Contact support, they will likely reimburse you if it's your first time. Doesn't sound like your Asp was A rated anyway, worst case it shouldn't take you long to get a new one.
I started a temp account on the Xbox not so long ago, did some delivery missions around the Ovid/I-Bootis clusters, was in an Asp within 6 hours. A shieldless Cobra (all cargo) did the job, insurance is cheap and it will outrun any NPC.
Sidewinder - Cobra - Asp
It takes literally 4 hours to get to the cobra, even if you go through all the other ships on the way up (something I highly recommend you do OP, the fall is nowhere near as far when you have a safety net!) The ASP can a while to get, but the type 6 is a far easier goal (1-2 days) and is almost as capable at anything other than combat. Once you get the Type 6 the ASPx is just a stones throw away.
Literally, you could spend a week (or less) in game & get back to where you were with a little bit of effort. Plus, of course, you have indeed learned a valuable lesson, one that you shall not be repeating.
Simply put, with core modules, if it is smaller than the one you have, don't buy it, even if it does have a higher letter rating.
And
Keep what you buy the fall simply isn't quite as far!
As for bounty hunting, follow authority ships about on larger ships in nav beacons / res sites get the last couple of hits in and you are golden (but make sure they have the wanted tag first)