Going with the OP's question.. whats is "Effective" ? I mainly PvE, PvP requires chasing the newest meta and I don't have the time to keep up to date on that.
For me, I like to stay 'on station' as long as possible. So I tend to use mostly lasers, with a few MC's for tougher targets. I can use the MC's when I want/need, and the lasers for the rest. It doesn't kill as quick as other builds, but I don't end up making station runs for ammo.
2 Huge gimballed Beams, efficient.
1 Large gimballed MC, with corrosive
2 Medium gimballed MC, over charged
2 turreted beams, efficient
Shields, 7A prismatics, modded for 50% resists across the board, then the rest in HD boosters. Two SCBs ( 7A and 6A, only one active at any time. No heat sinks, I eat the heat damage ). I use Prismatics, with resists and SCBs, and found them more effective. I can take a heavier beating then Normal/Bi-weaves. If I get below 50% and I'm not in combat I reboot. In combat, I have the SCBs.
Military grade Armor, with two HRPs ( just in case ).
I use the 'main' beams most of the time, and let the turrets continuously fire. I've nick-named them "sidey warmers" because their main purpose is to keep smaller more nimble ships 'warm' while I try to line them up with the huge beams. With the PP/PD mods, I actually charge the capacitor with the small beams firing. I have the MC's as the secondary group for tougher opponents, or when I want to take one down fast ( such as wings of larger ships ).
The only issue is chaff ( being an all gimbal/turret build ), but I've learned to target nav beacons or other things to get the weapons 'fixed forward' when needed.
it works well, and is rarely challenged seriously. Except that one time I brought a few mats to a comp nav beacon...