If you blow your own ship up outside the bubble what exactly happens. I am half way between Jameson Mem. and Colonia.
The usual. You see a rebuy screen. You can opt (provided you have the insurance money) to either respawn in your old ship/loadout at your last port of call (that has a shipyard), or in a basic Sidey in the starter systems.
So, no shortcut to Colonia that way.
But if you want a shortcut, Factabulous has scouted out a prison express (commit a crime, hand yourself in or - more likely - get killed and respawn at the nearest prison ship, which may be quite a bit closer to Colonia than your current position). Google "Colonia Prison taxi".